If you are a fresh graduate looking to kickstart your career as a full stack developer, you may have heard about the MERN stack – a popular technology stack used for building web applications. In this tutorial, we will cover 13 MERN stack interview questions that fresh graduates must watch out for when preparing for job interviews.
1. What is MERN stack?
MERN stack is a combination of four technologies – MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js. MongoDB is a NoSQL database, Express.js is a back-end framework for Node.js, React.js is a front-end library for building user interfaces, and Node.js is a run-time environment for executing JavaScript code on the server side.
2. What are the advantages of using the MERN stack?
One of the main advantages of using the MERN stack is that it allows developers to build full-stack web applications using just one language – JavaScript. This makes it easier for developers to work on both the front-end and back-end of the application. Additionally, MERN stack applications are highly scalable and can handle a large number of users simultaneously.
3. What is MongoDB and why is it used in the MERN stack?
MongoDB is a NoSQL database that is used in the MERN stack for storing and managing data. Unlike traditional relational databases, MongoDB stores data in a flexible, schema-less format called BSON (Binary JSON), which makes it easy to work with in a JavaScript environment.
4. What is Express.js and how does it work with Node.js?
Express.js is a back-end framework for Node.js that provides a set of tools and utilities for building web applications. It simplifies the process of creating APIs and handling HTTP requests by providing a clean and minimalistic interface for writing server-side code.
5. What is React.js and why is it used in the MERN stack?
React.js is a front-end library for building user interfaces. It allows developers to create interactive and dynamic UI components that can be easily re-used across different parts of the application. React.js is used in the MERN stack because it helps in creating a fast and responsive user experience.
6. What is Node.js and how does it work with MongoDB?
Node.js is a run-time environment for executing JavaScript code on the server side. It allows developers to write server-side applications using JavaScript, which makes it easier to work on both the front-end and back-end of the application. Node.js works seamlessly with MongoDB by providing a JavaScript API for interacting with the database.
7. What are the main components of a MERN stack application?
A MERN stack application typically consists of four main components – the front-end (built with React.js), the back-end (built with Node.js and Express.js), the database (MongoDB), and the server (Node.js). These components work together to create a fully functional web application.
8. How do you connect a React.js front-end to a Node.js back-end in a MERN stack application?
To connect a React.js front-end to a Node.js back-end in a MERN stack application, you can use the Axios library to make HTTP requests from the front-end to the back-end. Axios is a popular JavaScript library that allows you to send and receive data from a server-side API.
9. How do you handle form submissions in a MERN stack application?
To handle form submissions in a MERN stack application, you can use the React.js state management system to store the form data locally on the client side. When the user submits the form, you can use Axios to send the form data to the server-side API, which can then process the data and store it in the database.
10. What is Redux and how does it work with React.js in a MERN stack application?
Redux is a state management library for React.js that helps in managing the application state in a predictable and efficient way. It allows you to store and update the application state in a centralized location, which makes it easier to manage complex data flows and interactions between components in a MERN stack application.
11. How do you deploy a MERN stack application to a production server?
To deploy a MERN stack application to a production server, you can use services like Heroku or AWS to host your back-end server and database, and services like Netlify or Vercel to host your front-end application. You will need to configure your server to serve the API endpoints and connect to the database, and set up automated deployment pipelines to push updates to the server.
12. How do you handle authentication and authorization in a MERN stack application?
To handle authentication and authorization in a MERN stack application, you can use libraries like Passport.js or JWT (JSON Web Tokens) to implement secure authentication mechanisms. You can also use middleware functions in Express.js to restrict access to certain routes based on user roles or permissions.
13. What are the best practices for building and maintaining a MERN stack application?
Some best practices for building and maintaining a MERN stack application include writing clean and modular code, following design patterns like MVC (Model-View-Controller), using version control systems like Git for managing code changes, and writing unit and integration tests to ensure the application works as expected. Additionally, it’s important to keep your dependencies up to date and regularly update your application to fix security vulnerabilities and performance issues.
In conclusion, the MERN stack is a powerful technology stack that can help you build modern and scalable web applications. By understanding and practicing the concepts covered in these 13 interview questions, you will be well-prepared to tackle job interviews and start your career as a full stack developer. Good luck!
