Apprenez à maîtriser les layouts de Kivy pour créer des interfaces Python professionnelles

Kivy is a powerful open-source Python library for developing multitouch applications and it’s especially popular for creating professional user interfaces. One of the key features of Kivy is its layout system, which allows developers to easily organize and position widgets on the screen.

In this tutorial, we will cover the basics of Kivy layouts and show you how to create professional interfaces for your Python projects.

1. Understanding Kivy Layouts

Kivy provides several built-in layout classes that help you organize your widgets in a flexible and scalable way. The main layout classes include:

• BoxLayout: Arranges widgets either horizontally or vertically based on the orientation parameter.
• FloatLayout: Allows you to position widgets at specific coordinates on the screen.
• GridLayout: Organizes widgets in rows and columns.
• StackLayout: Stacks widgets one on top of another.

Each layout class has its own properties and methods that you can use to customize the layout of your interface.

1. Creating a Simple Layout

To get started, let’s create a simple Kivy app with a BoxLayout. First, make sure you have Kivy installed on your system. You can install it using pip:

pip install kivy

Next, create a new Python file and import the necessary modules:

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.button import Button

Now, define a custom class that will represent the layout of your app:

class MyBoxLayout(BoxLayout):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(MyBoxLayout, self).__init__(**kwargs)

        button1 = Button(text='Button 1')
        button2 = Button(text='Button 2')

        self.add_widget(button1)
        self.add_widget(button2)

In this code, we create a custom class called MyBoxLayout that inherits from BoxLayout. We then create two Button widgets and add them to the layout using the add_widget method.

1. Running the App

To run the app, create an instance of the MyBoxLayout class and run it using the run method of the App class:

class MyApp(App):
    def build(self):
        return MyBoxLayout()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    MyApp().run()

Save the file and run it from the command line. You should see a window with two buttons arranged vertically.

1. Customizing Layouts

You can customize the layout of your interface by setting properties and using methods provided by the layout classes. For example, you can change the orientation of a BoxLayout by setting the orientation property:

class MyBoxLayout(BoxLayout):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(MyBoxLayout, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.orientation = 'horizontal'

You can also change the spacing between widgets by setting the spacing property:

class MyBoxLayout(BoxLayout):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(MyBoxLayout, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.spacing = 10

Experiment with different layout properties and methods to achieve the desired look and feel for your interface.

1. Conclusion

In this tutorial, we have covered the basics of Kivy layouts and how to use them to create professional interfaces for your Python projects. By understanding the different layout classes and their properties, you can easily organize and position widgets on the screen in a flexible and scalable way.

Keep exploring the various layout options provided by Kivy and experiment with different customization techniques to create visually appealing and functional user interfaces. Happy coding!