What is Django ORM?

Django ORM (Object Relational Mapping) is a powerful tool that allows developers to work with databases using high-level object-oriented queries instead of writing raw SQL code. It is a built-in feature of the Django web framework, which makes it easy for developers to interact with their database models and perform various operations such as creating, reading, updating, and deleting data.

Key Features of Django ORM

1. Model-View-Controller (MVC) Architecture: Django ORM follows a model-view-controller architecture, which makes it easier for developers to separate their application’s data, logic, and presentation layers.

2. Object-Oriented Approach: With Django ORM, developers can work with their database tables and records as Python objects, making it easier to manipulate and query data without writing complex SQL queries.

3. Querysets: Django ORM provides a powerful querying API called QuerySets, which allows developers to retrieve, filter, and manipulate data from the database using a simple and intuitive syntax.

4. Data Integrity: Django ORM provides built-in support for database transactions, constraints, and validations, which help ensure data integrity and consistency.

How to Use Django ORM

To use Django ORM, developers need to define their database models using Django’s built-in model system. Once the models are defined, developers can use the Django ORM to perform various operations on their database, such as creating new records, querying existing data, updating records, and deleting data.

Here’s an example of how to define a simple model in Django:

“`python
from django.db import models

class Product(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
description = models.TextField()
“`

Once the model is defined, developers can use the Django ORM to perform operations on the `Product` model:

“`python
# Create a new product
product = Product(name=’Coffee’, price=4.99, description=’A delicious cup of coffee’)
product.save()

# Query all products
products = Product.objects.all()

# Filter products
cheap_products = Product.objects.filter(price__lte=5.00)
“`

Conclusion

Django ORM is a powerful tool that provides a convenient and efficient way to work with databases in Django web applications. Its object-oriented approach and powerful querying capabilities make it easier for developers to manage and manipulate their application’s data, without having to write complex SQL queries. By leveraging Django ORM, developers can build robust and scalable web applications with ease.