Step-by-Step Guide to Building a Hotel Management System in Python: Complete Tutorial

Introduction:
In this tutorial, we will create a Hotel Management System project using Python. This project will allow us to manage the various aspects of a hotel such as booking rooms, managing customers, and processing payments.

Prerequisites:
To follow along with this tutorial, you will need to have Python installed on your computer. You can download Python from the official website (https://www.python.org/). You will also need to have a basic understanding of Python programming language and object-oriented programming concepts.

Step 1: Create a Python Class for Rooms
To start our project, let’s create a Python class for representing rooms in a hotel. Each room will have attributes such as room number, type (single, double, etc.), price, and availability status. We will also create methods for booking and releasing rooms.

class Room:
    def __init__(self, number, type, price, is_booked=False):
        self.number = number
        self.type = type
        self.price = price
        self.is_booked = is_booked

    def book_room(self):
        if not self.is_booked:
            self.is_booked = True
            print(f"Room {self.number} has been booked.")
        else:
            print(f"Room {self.number} is already booked.")

    def release_room(self):
        if self.is_booked:
            self.is_booked = False
            print(f"Room {self.number} has been released.")
        else:
            print(f"Room {self.number} is already available.")

Step 2: Create a Python Class for Customers
Next, let’s create a Python class for representing customers. Each customer will have attributes such as name, email, and booking history. We will also create methods for booking a room and processing payments.

class Customer:
    def __init__(self, name, email):
        self.name = name
        self.email = email
        self.booking_history = []

    def book_room(self, room):
        if not room.is_booked:
            room.book_room()
            self.booking_history.append(room.number)
            print(f"{self.name} has booked Room {room.number}.")
        else:
            print(f"{self.name} could not book Room {room.number} as it is already booked.")

    def process_payment(self, amount):
        print(f"{self.name} has made a payment of ${amount}.")

Step 3: Create a Hotel Management System Class
Now, let’s create a Hotel Management System class that will manage the rooms and customers in our hotel. We will initialize the hotel with a list of available rooms and customers.

class HotelManagementSystem:
    def __init__(self):
        self.rooms = [Room(101, 'single', 100), Room(102, 'double', 150), Room(103, 'single', 100)]
        self.customers = []

    def add_customer(self, customer):
        self.customers.append(customer)

    def find_room_by_number(self, room_number):
        for room in self.rooms:
            if room.number == room_number:
                return room
        return None

Step 4: Testing the Hotel Management System
Let’s test our Hotel Management System by creating some customers and booking rooms for them.

# Create Hotel Management System
hms = HotelManagementSystem()

# Create Customers
john = Customer("John Doe", "john.doe@email.com")
jane = Customer("Jane Smith", "jane.smith@email.com")

# Add Customers to Hotel Management System
hms.add_customer(john)
hms.add_customer(jane)

# Book Rooms for Customers
john_room = hms.find_room_by_number(101)
jane_room = hms.find_room_by_number(102)

john.book_room(john_room)
jane.book_room(jane_room)

# Process Payments
john.process_payment(john_room.price)
jane.process_payment(jane_room.price)

# Release Rooms
john_room.release_room()
jane_room.release_room()

Conclusion:
In this tutorial, we have created a simple Hotel Management System project using Python. This project demonstrates how we can use classes and objects to model a real-world system and manage its components. You can further enhance this project by adding more functionality such as checking room availability, processing refunds, and generating reports. Happy coding!